ДИНАМІКА ЕКСПОРТУ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ПОВНОМАСШТАБНОЇ ВІЙНИ: ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА МОЖЛИВІ ШЛЯХИ ЇХ УСУНЕННЯ В КОНТЕКСТІ ЄВРОІНТЕГРАЦІЇ
DYNAMICS OF UKRAINE’S EXPORT IN THE CONDITIONS OF A FULL-SCALE WAR: PROBLEMS AND POSSIBLE WAYS OF THEIR ELIMINATION IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION
https://doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2022-312-6(2)-9
Лариса ОСІПОВА
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0959-5309
e-mail: lara77200@ukr.net
Вінницький торговельно-економічний інститут Державного торговельно-економічного університету
Larisa OSIPOVA
Vinnytsia Institute of Trade and Economics of State University of Trade and Economics
Анотація мовою оригіналу
У статті розглянуто динаміку та поточний стан експорту України, що відіграє важливу роль в її економіці. Проаналізовано сучасні тенденції в його структурі, розкрито причини змін. Показано зміни в експортній спеціалізації регіонів України за останнє десятиліття. Проаналізовано експорт України в 2022 за місяцями, категорією продукції, країнами та регіонами світу. Названо інструменти підтримки національних експортерів як з боку держави, так і ЄС.
Ключові слова: експорт, експортоорієнтована економіка, експортний потенціал, економічна безпека.
Розширена анотація англійською мовою
The article is devoted to the study of the consequences of the full-scale war in Ukraine as a factor, the reduction of its key export positions, and the identification of ways to support national exporters.
The article examines the dynamics and current state of Ukraine’s exports, which play an important role in its economy. The traditionally dominant raw material positions in the structure of domestic exports were noted. It shows the reduction of Ukrainian exports in all product groups with the beginning of the full-scale war, and practically cessation in some traditionally key positions (export of metals). The reasons for the reduction of the export potential due to the drop in metallurgical production, disruption of logistics, and the reduction of the export potential of the oil-fat segment of the agricultural sector, mainly concentrated in the regions where active military operations are being conducted, are indicated. Modern trends in the structure of domestic exports are analyzed, and the reasons for the changes are revealed. Changes in the export specialization of the regions of Ukraine over the last decade are shown. Exports of Ukraine in 2022 were analyzed by month, product category, countries, and regions of the world. The instruments of national exporters’ support from both the state (from foreign market analysis, educational activities and consulting, search for partners to grants from the state and donor organizations) and the EU (specific actions towards trade liberalization) are named. It was noted that the EU membership candidate status opens up significant prospects for the Ukrainian industry, related to the use of opportunities for attracting foreign investments, technology transfer, and participation in various EU development programs.
The study proves that at the current stage, the foreign and regional policy of the state, and the strategy of foreign economic activity of Ukrainian business entities should be focused on restoring the export potential, strengthening the position of Ukraine in the system of the international labor division, increasing the competitiveness of the domestic enterprises’ products, expanding sales markets, improving the export structure, achieving sustainable economic growth.
Keywords: export, export-oriented economy, export potential, economic security.
