ДЕРЖАВНА ФІНАНСОВА ПОЛІТИКА ТА СОЦІАЛЬНЕ ЖИТЛО: АНАЛІЗ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИХ І ВІТЧИЗНЯНИХ ТЕНДЕНЦІЙ
PUBLIC FINANCIAL POLICY AND SOCIAL HOUSING: ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN AND DOMESTIC TRENDS
Сторінки: 274-279. Номер: №4, Том 3, 2020 (284)
Автори:
ЯНЧУК С. В.
Сумський державний університет
SVITLANA IANCHUK
Sumy State University
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2020-284-4(3)-50
Надійшла / Paper received : 11.07.2020
Надрукована / Paper Printed : 28.09.2020
Анотація мовою оригіналу
У статті проаналізовано сучасні європейські та вітчизняні тенденції щодо доступності житла та державної фінансової політики із забезпечення доступного та соціального житла на прикладі вибірки з 25 країн Європи за період з 2011 р. до 2019 р. Обґрунтовано, що більшість країн Європи стикається з проблемою перенаселення житла та фінансового навантаження на загальну вартість житла, що обумовлює необхідність розвитку та вдосконалення державної фінансової політики в цій сфері. Визначено країни за найвищим та найнижчим рівнем перенаселення житла серед власників та орендарів житла відповідно, а також за показником фінансового навантаження на загальну вартість житла. Наголошено на досить високому рівні перенаселеності житла в Україні. Проаналізовано розподіл домогосподарств за типом володіння житлом в країнах ЄС та в Україні. Охарактеризовано тенденції бюджетного фінансування соціального житла та його зв’язок з рівнем перенаселення житла.
Ключові слова: державна політика, доступне житло, соціальне житло, фінансова політика, фінансування житла.
Розширена анотація англійською мовою
The article deals with current European and domestic trends in housing affordability and public financial policy to provide affordable and social housing on the example of a sample of 25 European countries for the period from 2011 to 2019. It is argued that most European countries face the problem of housing affordability, overcrowding of housing and financial burden on the total cost of housing. So, there is the necessity to develop and improve public financial policy in this area. Countries are identified by the highest and lowest levels of housing overcrowding among homeowners and tenants, respectively, as well as by the indicator of the financial burden on the total cost of housing. It is determined that the highest level of overcrowding among homeowners occurs in Latvia (38.9%), the Slovak Republic, Poland, Greece, and Italy, and the lowest – in Ireland (0.3%), Switzerland, Norway, Great Britain, France, and Belgium. The highest level of overcrowding among tenants is in Poland (65.1%), the Slovak Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, and Italy, the lowest – in Ireland (7.2%), Great Britain, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Germany. The financial burden on the total cost of housing is the highest in Poland (54%), Greece, Spain, Italy, and Luxembourg, while the lowest is in Norway (6.1%), Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands, and Austria. At the same time, these indicators differ between countries dozens of times, which is evidence, among other things, of differences in public financial policy in the field of affordable housing. The distribution of households by type of housing in general in the EU countries shows that only 43% of households own their own housing (without outstanding mortgage / housing loan), 26% – on a mortgage / housing loan, 22% – rent housing at market prices, 9% – rent at reduced prices or free of charge. In Ukraine private property (privatized, purchased housing) accounts for 94.6% and rented housing for 4.7% of households. However, in Ukraine the level of housing overcrowding is 50.2%, and the share of children under the age of 18 living in overcrowded housing is 72.2%. It was found that on average in the EU there is a decline in budget funding for social housing from 0.5% to 0.4% of GDP. Ireland (1.1%), Denmark (0.7%), France (0.8%), Great Britain (0.9%) and Finland (0.6%) show the highest indicators of budget financing of social housing. Accordingly, in these countries there is a significantly lower level of overcrowding.
Keywords: public policy, affordable housing, social housing, financial policy, financing housing.
Rеfеrеnсеs
- Voronkova, T. E., Koshelenko, O. A. (2018). Problemy ta perspektyvy dostupnoho zhytla dlya molodi v Ukrayini [Problems and prospects of affordable housing for young people in Ukraine]. Efficient economy. Retrieved from: http://www.economy.nayka.com.ua/pdf/10_2018/69.pdf (in Ukrainian).
- Finansova polityka investytsiyno-innovatsiynoho rozvytku Ukrayiny (2014) [Financial policy of investment and innovation development of Ukraine]: monograph / for ed. V. G. Demyanishin. Ternopil: TNEU, 2014. 464 р. (in Ukrainian).
- Iglesias, T. (2007). Our Pluralist Housing Ethics and the Struggle for Affordability. Wake Forest Law Review, 42, 511-593.
- Kerslake, B., et al. (2016). The Business Case for Affordable Housing. The Centre for Economics and Business Research Ltd, London. Retrieved from: https://www.peabody.org.uk/media/10773/business-case-for-affordable-housing.pdf
- Oliynyk, N. (2009). Derzhavni zhytlovi prohramy: stan realizatsiyi i shlyakhy vdoskonalennya systemy budivnytstva ta prydbannya zhytla dlya hromadyan [State housing programs: the state of implementation and ways to improve the system of construction and acquisition of housing for citizens]. NAPA Bulletin, 3, 101–110 (in Ukrainian).
- Pasichny, M. D. (2019). Finansova polityka derzhavy [Financial policy of the state]: monograph. Kyiv: Kyiv national trade and economy University, 440 p. (in Ukrainian).
- Salvi del Pero, A. et al. (2016). Policies to promote access to good-quality affordable housing in OECD countries. OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, 176. https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5jm3p5gl4djd-en.
- International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home (2011). 1st Edition / Editor in Chief: Susan Smith. Elsevier Science, 3862 р.
- Hausman, D., McPherson, M., Satz, D. (2016). Economic Analysis, Moral Philosophy, and Public Policy. University Press: Cambridge, UK. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316663011
- Eurostat Data (2019). Overcrowding rate by tenure status. EU-SILC survey. Retrieved from: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi173/default/table?lang=en
- Eurostat Data (2019). Financial burden of the total housing cost. EU-SILC survey. Retrieved from: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mded04/default/bar?lang=en
- Eurostat Data (2019). Distribution of population by tenure status, type of household and income group. EU-SILC survey. Retrieved from: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ILC_LVHO02__custom_864454/default/table?lang=en
- Sotsialʹno-demohrafichni kharakterystyky domohospodarstv Ukrayiny u 2019 rotsi (za danymy vybirkovoho obstezhennya umov zhyttya domohospodarstv Ukrayiny). [Socio-demographic characteristics of Ukrainian households in 2019 (according to a sample survey of living conditions of Ukrainian households)]: Statistical collection. State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Kyiv, 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/publicat/Arhiv_u/17/Arch_cdhd_zb.htm (in Ukrainian).
- Eurostat Data (2019). General government expenditure by function. Eurostat Data. Retrieved from: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/GOV_10A_EXP__custom_1523848/default/table?lang=en