КОНСТРУКЦІЇ ЕЛЕКТРИЧНИХ МАШИН ПОСТІЙНОГО СТРУМУ З БЕЗОБМОТКОВИМ РОТОРОМ ДЛЯ ВИСОКИХ І НИЗЬКИХ ШВИДКОСТЕЙ ОБЕРТАННЯ
DC ELECTRIC MACHINES CONSTRUCTIONS WITH A WINDLESS ROTOR FOR HIGH AND LOW ROTATION SPEEDS
Сторінки: 218-221. Номер: №5, 2020 (289)
Автори:
В.Д. КОСЕНКОВ
Хмельницький національний університет
Д.А. ІВЛЄВ
Одеський національний політехнічний університет
V. KOSENKOV
Khmelnytskyi National University
D. IVLEV
Odesa National Polytechnic University
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2020-289-5-218-221
Рецензія/Peer review : 13.10.2020 р.
Надрукована/Printed : 27.11.2020 р.
Анотація мовою оригіналу
Для будь-якої електричної машини основними є два показники: мінімум маси й максимум ККД. Для високообертових і низькообертових машин постійного струму з безобмотковим ротором ці два показники досягаються різними засобами. У першому випадку цільний статор із загальним ярмом і сегментований ротор. У другому випадку – сегментований статор і цільний ротор. Завдяки такому підходу досягається значне поліпшення ряду питомих показників і зниження витрат електричної енергії в статичних і динамічних режимах роботи електропривода.
Ключові слова: ротор, статор, обмотка, магнітна система, втрати в сталі.
Розширена анотація англійською мовою
The appearance on the electrical market of high-energy permanent magnets NdFeB, patented in 1983 by Sumitomo Special Metals, has led to significant changes in the electrical industry. Today, the use of magnetoelectric excitation in adjustable drive motors has become the de facto standard. However, in recent years, interest in electric machines with electromagnetic excitation has begun to revive. Synchronous jet engines, valve-induction motors, in the construction of which permanent magnets are not used, are actively developing such giants as Siemens and ABB. This interest is largely due to the high cost of permanent magnets, which, according to experts, is from 30 to 60% of the total cost of active materials of the motor. According to a number of forecasts, it is expected that in the coming years the cost of permanent magnets will only increase. Unfortunately, only types of synchronous machines are considered as electric machines with electromagnetic excitation today, classic DC machines are not included in this list. The classic DC machine has several advantages: providing a constant torque in a wide range of speeds; high overload capacity; simple rheostatic regulation; wide possibilities for excitation regulation (parallel, serial); possibility of power supply from an alternating current network with the cheap scheme of regulation on the basis of the thyristor rectifier. Unfortunately, it has a number of disadvantages: the presence of an unreliable collector unit, high cost, large mass of active materials do not allow it to take a worthy place among modern high-tech electric machines. The new design of the DC machine solves this problem. For any electric machine, the main two indicators are minimum mass and maximum efficiency. For high-speed and low-speed DC machines with the windless rotor, these two values are achieved in different ways. In the first case, a one-piece stator with a common yoke and a segmented winding-free rotor. In the second case, a segmented stator and a one-piece rotor. Thanks to this approach, a significant improvement in a number of specific indicators and a decrease in the consumption of electrical energy in static and dynamic modes of operation of the electric drive are achieved.
Keywords: rotor, stator, armature winding, magnetic system, iron losses.
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